What is the most effective method for controlling external bleeding?

Applying direct pressure over the wound is the most effective method for controlling external bleeding because it helps to promote clotting and stop the blood flow from the injured area. When direct pressure is applied, it compresses the blood vessels at the site of the injury, which can significantly reduce or stop the bleeding. This technique also helps to minimize further injury to the surrounding tissues, enabling the body's natural healing processes to begin more efficiently.

Using ice, while it may reduce swelling and numb the area, does not directly address the issue of bleeding. Raising the affected limb can also help reduce blood flow to the area; however, it is often not sufficient by itself to control significant bleeding. A tourniquet may be considered in severe cases of limb bleeding, but it is typically a method used when direct pressure has failed or in life-threatening situations where rapid control of blood loss is necessary. Thus, direct pressure remains the priority method for most bleeding scenarios.